An Interview with Jesús Martínez Guillén

I would mention three main differences:

First of all, the Spanish production did not make any innovation regarding the filling systems. But it frequently happened that some models used older filling systems. For example, the 2x models were button fillers - a technology that was discontinued in Germany in the early 1930s. On the other hand, some older models that were still in production used modern technical improvements. For example, the 34x models with the acute dome used the highly dependable filling mechanism of the later German 342 injected plastic models consisting of the star-shaped piston instead of the single thread pre-war piston.

Secondly, the celluloid material was definitely different from their German peers. From a purely aesthetic point of view, the Spanish celluloids are more daring than the German celluloids. I am thinking of the chevroned 24x or 34x. From a bare quality perspective, the Spanish celluloids do not endure time as good as the German celluloids. They are now sadly undergoing the monomerization process much earlier than the German plastics. Based on the contemporary pens of other brands made in those years I tend to believe that the Spanish celluloids were imported from Italy but I am afraid I did not find any documented evidence.

Last but not least, the shape of some models also differ. Such is the already mentioned case of the acute dome 34x models and, above all, the 26, 46 and 346 models, which were simply not produced in Germany in a 6 size at all.